Autonomous Firefighting Robot

Published on 19 Apr 2022. Written by Vasanth Vidyakar

According to survey in india nearly 25,000 people die every year due to fire and related causes and the loss due to these fire incidents is more than Rs.100 crores. Even though there are lot of precaution taken to prevent the fire there are accidents happening everywhere, so we have to kill the fire before it kills us. In a fire breakout the firefighters are restricted to go near the fire as the intensity of the fire is high in some cases, In order to overcome this we can build an autonomous firefighting robot which can help the firefighters in reducing the heat of the fire.

You will need Arduino Uno board to act as the brain of the robot, and three fire detecting sensor(Flame sensor) which are basically Infrared radiation receiver modules. You will also need a chassis for the robot with two DC motors, one water pump and a can for storing water.

You have to program the robot such that when the robot detects the fire it should moves towards it, this is done using Infrared Flame Sensors. We will be fitting three flame sensors in our robot one at the center facing forward direction and other two at each front end of the robot such that the sensors are facing the direction left and right respectively. When any substance is burning it emits some amount if infrared radiation, the flame sensors detects this radiation using a Infrared receiver(Photodiode),we use operational amplifiers to check for the change in voltage of the IR Receiver, so that if a fire is detected the output pin of the sensor will give 0V(LOW) and if the is no fire the output pin will be 5V(HIGH).

The robot moves towards the fire and it also adjusts itself such a way that the fire detected is exactly in front of the robot this adjustment is done using all the three Flame sensors, when the left sensor detects fire the robot turns left so that the flame is in front of the middle sensor and the same for the flame at right sensor, and at the same time it also extinguishes the fire by spraying a jet of water.

Project Description:

Arduino Uno: You can say that Arduino is the brain of the robot as it controls and actuates the robot. You can use the I/O pins for interfacing the sensors, and for actuating the robot so that it moves towards the fire.
Flame sensor: The flame sensors detects the Infrared radiation emitted by the flame, you can use this sensor to detect fire
Water pump: You can use this water pump as the water spray for extinguishing the fire
DC motors: You can use DC motors for the movement of the robot, use two motors on each side for the movement
Motor Driver: You will need motor driver to run the motors and the water pump

Project Implementation:

Step 1: Build a chassis such that the robot has two enough space for the water can and all the electronics that are required for this project
Step 2: Fix two DC motors on each side at the bottom, and the can on top of the robot
Step 3: The sensors have to be fixed in front of the robot such a way that the sensors can detect the flame in front of the robot and even on right and left
Step 4: The outlet of the water pump should be fixed at the center of the robot facing towards the front of the robot

Software requirements:

You will be needing Arduino IDE software for writing and uploading the program into the Arduino Uno board

Programming language: Arduino Programming(C++)

Kit required to develop Autonomous Firefighting Robot:

Technologies you will learn by working on Autonomous Firefighting Robot:

Autonomous Firefighting Robot

Project Description:

Project Implementation:

Software requirements:

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