Arduino based smart irrigation monitoring and controller system using ESP8266

Published on 19 Apr 2022. Written by Prakhar srivastava

Farmers normally operate on broad portions of the field to develop numerous crop varieties. It's not always easy for a single person to maintain control of the entire agricultural land all the time. Often a certain area of the land may receive more water which may lead to sludge or it may receive very little water that dries the soil. The crops may get affected in any of the situations, and farmers may suffer damage.

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Therefore the concept "Smart Irrigation Control System Initiative" is used to solve this issue. It is a very helpful project where the consumer from a remote position will track and manage the water source. This device incorporates an idea which is named IoT (Internet of Things).

Project Implementation:

In this project, the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is used to link devices to the internet. Here Arduino Uno is used to transmit signals and link to any user preference website. On the website, various things are shown such as:

1. Irrigation Pump.
2. Moisture level.
3. Water Requirement.
4. Optimum Temperature.

The electrical system retains a water sensor to test the soil's moisture volume and updates the "Moisture Level" and “Temperature” on the website. The user is then able to test the existing amount of moisture from a remote position and monitor the water supply. To do this, the user just needs to change the “Irrigation Pump” from ON-OFF or OFF-ON and the “Sprinklers” would either be turned ON or turned OFF. Hence the moisture of the soil is tracked and the supply of water can only be controlled from irrigation pump through a sprinkler. Therefore, the user does not have to bother about damaging their crops or plants due to water-logging or drought. Following are the components required to build the gadget:

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Crystal Oscillator: It is a digital oscillator machine, which performs the electro-mechanical resonance of the piezoelectric oscillating component to generate an accurate frequency electrical signal.

ESP8266 Wi-Fi module: It is a self-contained system-on-chip (SoC) with an embedded TCP / IP routing protocol that will provide the 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n) network connectivity to any microcontroller. It also comprises general-purpose input/output 16 GPIO pins with inter-integrated cable, Analog-to-Digital (10-bit ADC), DMA (GPIO), UART (GPIO2), and Pulse-width (PWM) modulation. This tiny module enables microcontrollers to link to a Wi-Fi channel and create basic TCP/IP connections.

Arduino Uno: This is an easily accessible-source microcontroller board designed by Arduino.cc and mainly based on the ATmega328P microcontroller chip. The board is configured with a collection of analog and digital input/output (I/O) pins that can be accessed with different boards for development and other circuits.

LCD Display: This is a flat panel screen that utilizes liquid crystals in its primary operating process.

Adapter: It reduced supply voltage from 120V to 12V which is suitable for an antenna or other small electronic machines. The incoming sudden electric raise will completely damage the internal sections of the device, which is why an adapter is needed to regulate voltage surge.

IoT Gecko: Design an IoT-based framework to decode sensor values, operating motorized devices and controlling objects. This is a free IoT technology development tool for students, researchers, and developers. Create a path to internet-controlled physical tools, with support and services for the easy creation of IoT-based gadgets.

Other small components to build the device are:

• LEDs
• Diodes
• Push Buttons
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Transistors
• Relay Driver IC
• Voltage Regulator IC
• Water pump
• Water Sensor Module
• Cables and Connectors
• PCB and Breadboards

This device will also be beneficial for people with limited gardens, although a person might not able to be present regularly in his / her garden, however, this project can be used to keep track of soil-moisture and maintain adequate water levels even from a distance. Install all electronic components, do the zero settings. Thus, the project achieves a completely automated smart Irrigation System using ESP8266.

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Kit required to develop Arduino based smart irrigation monitoring and controller system using ESP8266:

• Arduino
• Water pump

Technologies you will learn by working on Arduino based smart irrigation monitoring and controller system using ESP8266:

• Arduino
• Embedded systems
• Electronic
• IoT
• smart systems

Any Questions?